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The immune system of a lot of people are unable to differentiate between healthy cells and invading micro-organisms. This is causing greater suffering throughout the world. Instead of protecting themselves from disease their organs and tissues are being attacked by these same defenses.




Major international research efforts are being conducted to stop this trend. An initiative based in London known as the Francis Crick Institute, has two world experts, James Lee & Carola Vinuesa set up distinct research teams to figure out the exact causes of the autoimmune condition.


Lee explained to the Observer that autoimmune illnesses began to rise around 40 years ago in western countries. There are now cases in countries that have never seen such diseases.


The Middle East and East Asia are experiencing the greatest increase in cases of inflammatory bowel disorders. They'd never heard of the disease prior to.


Autoimmune diseases can be a variety of conditions, from type 1 diabetes to multiple MS chronic fatigue syndrome, Rheumatoid Arthritis. In each case the immune system turns on healthy tissues, not infective agents.


There are at most 4,000,000 people with autoimmune conditions in the UK as well as some suffering from multiple. In the world, it's thought that the number of autoimmune disorders is increasing at the rate of 3 to 9 percent per year. Many scientists believe environmental factors are a major cause of this growth.


Lee who was previously employed in Cambridge University, said that the human genetics of human beings is not changing over the past decades. Something is going on outside that's increasing the risk of developing autoimmune disease.


Vinuesa agreed with the idea having previously worked at the Australian National University. She noted that there had been changes in diet as more people ate western-style meals, as well as more fast food.


Vinuesa indicated that the lack of important ingredients in fast food can cause a reduction in the intake of essential nutrients, including fibre.


The changes in our microbiomes then trigger autoimmune disorders that are of more than 100 kinds.


The two scientists also stressed that each person is susceptible to these diseases that include celiac, Lupus, and other ailments, such as celiac, which trigger inflammation and swelling and can cause serious damage to the organs of various.


Vinuesa stated, "If there is no genetic susceptibility, then an autoimmune disorder will not always be a concern, regardless of the amount of Big Macs we eat." "There isn't much that we can do to halt the spread of fast food franchises. Instead, our focus is on understanding the genetic mechanisms that cause autoimmune diseases and why some individuals are more susceptible than others not. We're determined to solve this issue at a high levels.


Modern technology allows us to spot tiny differences in DNA between large groups of people. It allows us to find the common genetic traits in people Check out with autoimmune diseases.


Until very recently we didn't have the tools to do this, but we're able to sequence DNA on a huge scale and that has changed everything, explained Lee. My study revealed that there were around six DNA variations that are involved in the trigger of inflammatory bowel disease. Now, we know more than 250.


Lee and Vinuesa have been doing such research since the beginning. Their efforts aim to uncover the various types of diseases that doctors are currently researching and uncover the genetic pathways which lead to these diseases. If you look at some immune-mediated diseases, such as the lupus disease - it's become clear recently there are a variety of different forms of themthat could be caused through different genetic pathways Vinuesa said. It can be difficult to identify the appropriate treatment.


There are many new therapies under development, and we don't know who to give these to. Since we don't know their specific disease There are a variety of options. That is why autoimmune research has become a major focus. To ensure that we provide the best therapy we must be able to group and stratify patients.


Lee said that the increasing rate of autoimmune illnesses across the globe meant that new therapies and medications were urgently required. There is currently no treatment for autoimmune diseases that typically affect teens, who are trying to land their first job, complete school, and raise their families.


That means more people will have to undergo surgery and/or have regular injections throughout their life. This can be a very difficult time for patients and also puts an immense pressure on the healthcare system. We require new and efficient treatments.


Rheumatoid arthritis is an auto-immune disease, meaning it's caused by the immune system attacking healthy tissue in the body. But it isn't yet clear the triggers behind it.


The antibodies that your immune system creates to fight bacteria and viruses are the rheumatoid arthritis radiology ones you require to fight infections.


If you have Rheumatoid arthritis, the immune system mistakenly sends antibodies to the joint's lining which attack the tissues surrounding the joint.


The thin layer of cells (synovium), that covers your joints, is prone to inflammation and painful.


bones

Cartilage is the connective tissue between bones that is composed of cartilage.

Tendons - The tissue that connects bone and muscle

ligaments - the tissue which connects cartilage to bone

If the issue is not addressed, it will gradually lead to the loss of alignment and form. It could eventually lead to total destruction of the joint.


Many theories on why the immune system attacks joints have been proposed for example, an infection acting as the trigger, but none of them have been confirmed.

Possible risk factors

There are many things which can increase your risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis, including:


Your genes - There is some evidence suggesting that rheumatoid arthritis can be passed down through families. However, the probability of it being passed on to children is very low because genes play only an insignificant role in the condition.

Hormones - Rheumatoid Arthritis is more common for women than in males. This may be due to the effects of the hormone Oestrogen. However, this link is not yet established.

Smoking is a risk factor - Research suggests that smokers are more likely to get rheumatoid arthritis.